Buenos días. Se acerca la vuelta al cole y por ello creo que es un buen momento para tratar el tema del asperger y el fracaso escolar.
Antes de nada quiero decir que, por supuesto, hay de todo, muchas personas con Asperger son muy buenos estudiantes y sacan buenas notas, como el resto de personas, no quiero generalizar para nada. Pero en general, gran parte de la gente con Asperger se esfuerza mucho escolarmente y eso no se traduce en buenos resultados académicos.
Cabe decir que hay muchos famosos tanto históricos como a día de hoy, que se rumorea que tienen o tenían Asperger y han triunfado en su profesión, sin embargo, fracasaban a nivel estudiantil. Por mencionar algunos: Albert Einstein, el cual siempre ha inculcado su tendencia a fracasar, Bill Gates, que ha informado públicamente que le tenían que pagar por estudiar o Leo Messi, que no ha confirmado tener Asperger, pero sí se rumorea y cumple el perfil. Todos ellos solían sacar malas notas, a pesar de sus grandes talentos.
¿A qué se debe que una persona con asperger suela fracasar escolarmente?
- El primer factor el el continuo bullying: el simple hecho de ir a clase con miedo, de que les distraigan o susurren durante la clase y no les dejen prestar atención o simplemente un sufrimiento continuo que desmotive, aunque parezca que no, suele afectar mucho a nivel estudiantil. No hay que desecharlo para nada como posible razón, porque suele desencadenar en continua ansiedad y por lo tanto desmotivación y fracaso escolar. Tal vez esa persona con Asperger estudie mucho, pero no obtendrá buenas notas si no mantiene la motivación.
- Cambios frecuentes: cualquier tipo de cambio: temario, fechas de exámenes, horarios, profesorado… suele ser algo que las personas neurotípicas pueden afrontar sin grandes dificultades, pero para una persona con Asperger, es algo muy negativo y suele incrementar su malestar. Esto puede ser catalogado de vagueza o malas actitudes, cuando es una de las características del Asperger y no las podemos evitar, por mucho que queramos.
- Dificultades de adaptación: la gente en general suelen ser capaces de comprender que hay que adaptarse a una persona no pueda ver en plástica, por ejemplo, o a una persona en silla de ruedas en educación física, lo cual me parece muy correcto. Sin embargo, debido a que el Asperger es poco perceptible desde el exterior, se les suele exigir hacer todo lo que una persona neurotípica puede hacer correctamente, cuando requieren también comprensión y adaptación. Se nos suele exigir hacer lo mismo que el resto, adaptarnos a los demás y sin embargo, nadie se adapta a nosotros.
- Dificultades de comprensión: algo que sucede con mayor frecuencia de lo que parece es que en clase o en un examen, suelen realizarse preguntas ambiguas o tramposas, las cuales están genial para personas neurotípicas, ya que así demuestran que han estudiado y que se saben el temario. Sin embargo, una persona con Asperger, aunque haya estudiado mucho, tiende a fallar en este tipo de preguntas, ya que a veces hay varias respuestas válidas, el enunciado no es específico, comprensible y adaptado para ellos. Y sobre todo en los tipo test, las típicas preguntas en las que hay dos opciones válidas y «van a pillar», estas personas no conseguirán comprender esa estrategia.
Experiencia propia
Quiero empezar diciendo que he tenido profesores de todo tipo y muchos de ellos han sido muy simpáticos y amables conmigo. Sin embargo nadie, como persona con Asperger que soy, ha cumplido al 100% todos estos requisitos conmigo. Y de hecho, a la hora de mencionárselos a los profesores, tendían a responder muchos de ellos «bueno, tú puedes sacar los estudios adelante y tienes que asumir que el mundo no se va a adaptar siempre a ti». En ese momento, yo solía pensar «las personas que están en silla de ruedas no siempre van a poder subir por una rampa en todos los lugares, pero sin embargo la tienen en la entrada al instituto ¿No?».
Con esto no quiero decir que los profesores sean malos, para nada, hay de todo. Lo único que digo es que por diversas razones, el Asperger está totalmente incomprendido y por mucho que los profesores se documenten sobre el tema, no suelen comprenderlo del todo al día a día.
Es por ello que, a todo profesor que vea este artículo y tenga algún alumno con Asperger, le recomiendo que lo relea varias veces, trate de procesar toda esta información y sobre todo, lo aplique en su día a día para comprender que si una persona con Asperger está suspendiendo o raspando escolarmente, no se debe en la mayoría de casos a que estudie con poca frecuencia, sino a todo este conjunto de dificultades.
Para finalizar, quiero decir que, aunque por supuesto las personas con Asperger, también tenemos que estudiar e intentar sacar las mejores notas posibles, ni ellos ni sus propias familias deberían desanimarse. Mucha gente con Asperger, como los famosos que he mencionado antes, suelen triunfar a nivel laboral, a pesar de no haber sido buenos estudiantes, así que no hay que agobiarse con el fracaso escolar, sino valorar el esfuerzo que aunque no traiga sus frutos a día de hoy, no hay que desistir, porque es muy probable que ese esfuerzo sí que dé frutos el día de mañana.
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